Class 10 Social Science (Geography)

1. On the basis of origin, resources are classified into which of the following categories?

• A. Biotic and Abiotic
• B. Renewable and Non-renewable
• C. Individual and Community
• D. Potential and Developed

2. Which type of resource can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical, or mechanical processes?

• A. Renewable resources
• B. Non-renewable resources
• C. Stock resources
• D. Reserve resources

3. Oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to which category?

• A. International Resources
• B. National Resources
• C. Community Resources
• D. Individual Resources

4. Where was the first International Earth Summit held in June 1992?

• A. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• B. Geneva, Switzerland
• C. New York, USA
• D. Johannesburg, South Africa

5. What is 'Agenda 21' signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)?

• A. A declaration to achieve global sustainable development
• B. A treaty to ban nuclear testing worldwide
• C. A agreement to stop industrialization in developing countries
• D. A plan to construct transcontinental highways

6. What is the total geographical area of India?

• A. 3.28 million sq km
• B. 2.45 million sq km
• C. 4.12 million sq km
• D. 5.60 million sq km

7. According to the National Forest Policy (1952), what percentage of geographical area should ideally be under forest cover?

• A. 33%
• B. 21%
• C. 50%
• D. 25%

8. What is the main cause of land degradation in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh?

• A. Over-irrigation leading to waterlogging and salinity
• B. Deforestation due to mining
• C. Overgrazing
• D. Industrial effluents dumping

9. In which of the following states is overgrazing the main reason for land degradation?

• A. Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh
• B. Punjab and Haryana
• C. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
• D. Odisha and West Bengal

10. Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation in which group of states?

• A. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha
• B. Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan
• C. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka
• D. Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland

11. Which is the most widespread and important soil type found in the northern plains of India?

• A. Alluvial soil
• B. Black soil
• C. Red and Yellow soil
• D. Laterite soil

12. Based on age, alluvial soils are classified into 'Bangar' and 'Khadar'. What is Khadar?

• A. New alluvial soil with fine particles and higher fertility
• B. Old alluvial soil with higher concentration of Kankar nodules
• C. Highly acidic black soil
• D. Saline soil found in coastal areas

13. Which soil is black in color and also known as 'Regur soil' or 'Black Cotton soil'?

• A. Black soil
• B. Laterite soil
• C. Arid soil
• D. Red soil

14. Black soil is typical of which region in India?

• A. Deccan Trap (Basalt) region
• B. Northern Himalayan region
• C. Thar Desert region
• D. Eastern Coastal plains

15. Why does red soil look reddish in color?

• A. Diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks
• B. High content of humus and clay
• C. Presence of calcium carbonates
• D. Excessive leaching due to high rainfall

16. The word 'Laterite' has been derived from the Latin word 'Later' which means:

• A. Brick
• B. Rock
• C. Clay
• D. Sand

17. Which soil develops as a result of intense leaching due to heavy rain in high-temperature areas?

• A. Laterite soil
• B. Arid soil
• C. Black soil
• D. Alluvial soil

18. Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala are suitable for growing which crop?

• A. Cashew nut
• B. Wheat
• C. Sugarcane
• D. Pulses

19. Arid soils range from red to brown in color and characteristically lack which components?

• A. Humus and moisture
• B. Salt content
• C. Calcium content
• D. Sand particles

20. What is the lower horizon of Arid soil occupied by that restricts infiltration of water?

• A. Kankar (calcium carbonate) layer
• B. Clay layer
• C. Granite rock layer
• D. Iron oxide deposits

21. The running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels known as:

• A. Gullies
• B. Sheets
• C. Ravines
• D. Badlands

22. In the Chambal basin, badlands created by severe gully erosion are locally called:

• A. Ravines
• B. Khadar
• C. Bangar
• D. Bhabar

23. When topsoil is washed away over a large area due to water flowing as a sheet down a slope, it is called:

• A. Sheet erosion
• B. Gully erosion
• C. Wind erosion
• D. Glacial erosion

24. What soil conservation technique involves ploughing along contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down slopes?

• A. Contour ploughing
• B. Terrace farming
• C. Strip cropping
• D. Shelter belts

25. Planting rows of trees to create shelter and break the force of wind is known as:

• A. Shelter belts
• B. Contour farming
• C. Strip cropping
• D. Terrace cultivation

26. Who authored the famous book 'Small is Beautiful', presenting Gandhian philosophy on resource conservation in 1974?

• A. E.F. Schumacher
• B. Amartya Sen
• C. Jawahar Lal Nehru
• D. Brundtland

27. Which seminal report introduced the concept of 'Sustainable Development' globally in 1987?

• A. Brundtland Commission Report
• B. Club of Rome Report
• C. Kyoto Protocol Report
• D. World Bank Environment Report

28. What are resources that are found in a region but have not been utilized called?

• A. Potential Resources
• B. Developed Resources
• C. Stock
• D. Reserves

29. What is land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year called?

• A. Current fallow land
• B. Other than current fallow land
• C. Cultruable waste land
• D. Barren land

30. What constitutes 'Stock' in resource classification?

• A. Materials in environment that have potential to satisfy human needs but humans lack appropriate technology to access them
• B. Resources surveyed and quantified for utilization
• C. Resources owned privately by individuals
• D. Subset of reserves that can be put into use with existing technology